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托福口语考试技巧：如何缩写笔记

托福口语考试技巧：如何缩写笔记

保留多音节单词的前三四个字母：

ref～ (reference)

doc～ (document)

hosp～ (hospital)

pred～ (predator)

去掉单词的元音字母(A　E　I　O　U)：

prvt (private)

cvnt (convenient)

btw (between)

mkt (market)

符号：

指向性符号：→、←、↑、↓

数学符号：∵、∴、=、<>

其他常用符号：

b4 (before，in advance)

$ (我不说，大家也知道)

☆ (important)

△ (change)

⊙ (focus，center)

更多的常用笔记符号：

1 箭头符号

grow, expand, develop, rise, go up, increase, ascend, launch, skyrocket, soar, appreciation, promote, upwards: ↑

drop to, bomb, jump, go down, descend, decrease, deter iorate, depreciation, reduce, downwards: ↓

become better and better: ↗

become worse and worse: ↘

export to, enter, arrive in/at, present to, result in, send to, transmit to, lead to, cause: →

come from, originate from, receive from, go back to, import from: ←

2 数学符号

further more, in addition to, with, and, besides, etc: +

minus, lack: -

incorrect, wrong, bad, inappropriate, notorious: ×

more than, bigger than, surpass, better than, superior to: >

fewer than, less than, worse than, inferior to: <

equal to, the same as, a rival, a competitor: =

not equal to, no match for: ≠

approximately, around, about, or so: ≈

total, the total number/sum, totally: Σ

because, owing to, thanks to, due to: ∵

therefore, as a result, consequently, so, thus, due to this: ∴

3 标点符号

say, speak, tell, declare, announce, protest, such as: :

question, doubt, suspicious, skeptical, ask: ?

very important, vital, crucial, critical: !

including, within, among, inside: ( )

viewpoint, opinion, idea, point: •

表示不同的时间概念: • (注：如用d表示today，那么yesterday即用•d表示，the day before yesterday可记为••d，three days ago可写成•3d;同理，d•表示tomorrow，d••表示the day after tomorrow)

4 其他符号

center, focus, roundtable, meeting, meet, discussion: ⊙ (注：⊙像会议室的圆桌，中间的一点可以看做一个烟灰缸或花瓶)

change: △

agreement, contract, treaty: ∪ ( 注：人们*约时，往往会举杯庆祝，而∪形似杯子。表示双边协议bi lateral agreement，三边协议trilateral agreement或多边协议multi-lateral agreement时，在∪中分别加2，3或m即可)

confrontation, conflict, communication, interaction: ><

country, state, nation: □

and, together with, accompany: &

correct, good, affirmative, certain, well-known, famous, agree, support: √

person, people: °

exchange, replace, mutual, each other: ～

stop, halt: //

happy, glad, pleased, delighted, enjoy: ϑ

belong to: ∈

outstanding, best, model, important: ☆

hospital, red cross: ⊕

pound (英镑): ￡