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高二语法总结与归纳
一. 知识总结与归纳：
（一）非谓语动词（to do; doing; done）做名词的定语
修饰一个名词除了后面用定语从句以外，还可以用doing短语，done短语，being done短语，to be done短语修饰。其结构和意思如下：
1. 被修饰名词+doing短语：正在做……的人/正在发生的事。
2. 被修饰名词+ done短语：被……的人/事
3. 被修饰名词+being done短语：正在被……的人/事
4. 被修饰名词+ to be done短语：将要被……的人/事
请看下面几个定语从句以及句中定语从句的简化表达：
1. The man who is sitting on the platform is a professor from Wuhan University.
The man sitting on the platform is a professor from Wuhan University.
2. The letter that was mailed last night will reach him tomorrow.
The letter mailed last night will reach him tomorrow.
3. The question that is being discussed is very important.
The question being discussed is very important.
4. You are wel**e to a party which is to be given in our class at 7:45.
You are wel**e to a party to be given in our class at 7:45.
总结：以上做定语的那些短语就是英语语法中所说的分词，不定式的各种形式作定语。
1. 这些短语作定语应放在被修饰名词的后面。如果单个V-ing或V-ed形式作定语，则可以放在被修饰名词前面。
2. 分词作定语时，其动作应与全句动作同时发生。V-ing表示主动意义和正在做，V-ed表示被动意义。being done表示正在被做的。
3. 不定式作定语表示将要发生的，to be done表示将要被做的。
例句：
1. Goods imported from abroad are not always better than those made in China.
2. A bridge connecting Asia with North America across the Bering Strait could be a critical link in the proposed global highway which would allow people to travel overland to anywhere in the world.
3. A driver starting off in the evening on the Russian side would arrive in Alaska on the morning of that same day, effectively traveling many hours back in time.美联英语
注意：还有一些结构已经形成了固定的短语：
doing/done+名词
如：
the fallen leaves
a washing machine
spoken English
written English
a dressing mirror a waiting room
the **ing year boiled water
boiling water等
（二）There be句型中的非谓语动词的使用：
There be + 名词+ to do：有……要做
+doing：有……正在做/发生
+done： 有……被……
There is nothing to worry about.
There are birds singing in the tree.
（三）用with/without短语做伴随状语。结构如下：
with/without+名词+ doing 短语
done短语
to do 短语
介词短语/副词
例句：
1. Tom went away, without a word spoken.
2. Most of houses were built of bricks made of dried mud, with a roof supported by palm tree trunks.
3. He lay on his back, with his hands behind his head.
4. The silence was suddenly broken when a large car , with its headlights on and its horn blaring, roared down the arcade.
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